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README
GPL-2.0

jail-shell安全受限shell

Build Status

jail-shell安全受限shell是一个Linux环境下的安全工具,主要使用chroot, namespace技术,限制用户执行特定的命令,和访问特定的目录。

可将用户通过ssh, scp, sftp,telnet, 终端等方式登录限制到安全的运行环境中。

可用于webhost的ssh受限访问;企业管理员的权限分级管理;一体化产品的权限控制。

功能列表

  • 易于使用

    通过配置文件,自动生成chroot运行环境,提供jail-shell管理命令方便添加、查看、删除受限用户,以及安装、删除chroot运行环境。

  • chroot技术限制用户访问范围

    采用Linux chroot技术,限制用户的目录访问范围,避免用户访问受限信息,防止用户对系统做破坏。

  • 目录只读保护

    对chroot运行环境进行只读保护,避免需要保护的目录被修改、文件被破坏;避免用户创建设备文件,访问系统受限文件,并避免执行外部可执行文件。

  • namespace限制用户可见范围

    采用Linux namespace技术,限制用户pid,mount目录的可见范围,避免信息泄漏。

  • 系统命令通道

    提供系统命令代理通道,允许用户在chroot环境中执行真实系统的受限命令,在提供必要功能的情况下,保护系统。

  • 自动处理chroot环境命令依赖

    只需要提供命令列表,即可自动将命令依赖的动态库复制到chroot环境,避免手工复制动态库的繁杂工作。

  • capabilities限制

    丢弃关键的capabilities权限,避免系统,chroot运行环境被rootkit破解。

  • 多Linux操作系统支持

    支持redhat, sles, debian及其衍生的操作系统。

架构说明

Architecture 安全受限shell包含3部分,pam插件,jail-cmd命令代理,jail-shell命令工具。

  • pam_jail_shell插件

    主要控制登录的用户,根据配置列表,将登录的用户采用chroot, namespace技术,限制在特定的受限目录中。

  • jail-cmd命令代理

    主要将命令转发到真实的系统中,如用户密码修改,或其他用户相关的业务命令的执行,并对命令做注入检测,防止注入。

  • jail-shell工具

    主要提供管理安全受限shell的功能,让用户更加易于使用,包括用户的添加、删除,shell的配置,安装,删除。

说明

  1. 用户通过ssh, 终端,telnet等shell管理工具登录到系统后,pam_jail_shell插件根据配置列表,将登录用户的访问范围限制在指定的chroot环境中。
  2. 管理员通过jail-shell命令,管理受限用户名单列表,以及管理chroot环境的命令列表,并配置目录的访问范围。
  3. jail-cmd代理用户执行的系统命令,辅助实现必要的业务功能。

编译安装

编译

git clone https://github.com/pymumu/jail-shell.git
cd jail-shell
make 

安装

sudo make install

卸载

sudo /usr/local/jail-shell/install -u

使用

安装完成后,可使用jail-shell命令管理安全受限shell,通过jail-shell -h查看命令帮助
在使用上,步骤如下:

  1. 使用useradd username命令添加用户到系统中。
  2. 使用jail-shell jail创建安全受限shell配置,并创建受限运行环境。
  3. 使用jail-shell user将用户添加到受限系统中。

使用举例

如下以将test用户,添加到安全受限shell为例。

  1. 添加test用户,并设置密码
sudo useradd test -s /bin/bash
sudo passwd test

2.创建安全受限shell运行环境

sudo jail-shell jail -e test-jail

执行上述命令后,将使用模板创建新的安全shell配置,并使用vi打开编译,可使用vi命令:w!保存后退出。 使用命令jail-shell jail -l可以查看已经配置的安全受限shell列表。

3.安装安全受限shell运行环境

sudo jail-shell jail -i test-jail

4.将test用户加入到安全受限shell中。

sudo jail-shell user -a test -j test-jail

5.使用ssh连接到安全受限shell中进行测试验证

ssh test@127.0.0.1

Example

配置文件格式说明

配置文件在/etc/jail-shell/jail-config/目录中, 后缀为 .cfg,此配置文件用于生成制定的jail,将需要的文件,命令复制到jail中。
配置支持如下命令:

  • dir: 创建目录

    • 参数:
      dir PATH MODE OWNER
    • 例子:
      dir /bin/ 0755 root:root
  • file: 复制文件

    • 参数:
      file SRC DEST MODE OWNER
    • 例子:
      file /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf 0644 root:root
  • hlink: 创建硬链接文件

    • 参数:
      hlink SRC DEST
    • 例子:
      hlink /etc/localtime /etc/localtime
  • slink: 创建符号连接

    • 参数:
      slink TARGET LINKNAME
    • 例子:
      slink /bin/bash /bin/sh
  • clink: 先硬连接创建文件,若失败则复制文件

    • 参数:
      clink SRC DEST
    • 例子:
      clink /etc/localtime /etc/localtime
  • node: 创建设备文件

    • 参数:
      node PATH TYPE MAJON MINOR MODE OWNER
    • 例子:
      node /dev/null c 1 3 666 root:root
    • 安全说明:
      应该避免添加块设备文件。
  • bind: 绑定映射目录

    • 参数:
      bind [SRC] DEST OPTION
      OPTION: rw,ro,dev,nodev,exec,noexec
      路径'[SRC] DEST'中的%u将会替换为用户名
      查阅man mount获取参数说明
    • 例子:
      bind / ro,nodev,nosuid
      bind /opt/ /opt/ ro,nodev,noexec
      bind /opt/upload /opt/upload rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid
      bind /opt/%u /opt/upload ro,nodev,noexec,nosuid
  • cmd: 执行系统内命令

    • 参数:
      cmd SRC DEST RUN_AS_USER
      RUN_AS_USER: 指定执行命令的用户,-:-表示chroot环境中的用户。
    • 例子:
      cmd /usr/bin/passwd /usr/bin/passwd -:-
      cmd /some/root/command /some/root/command root:root
      cmd /some/user/command /some/user/command user:user
    • 安全说明:
      此通道可能导致用户从chroot环境中逃狱,所以,添加的命令必须避免被注入。

安全注意事项

使用安全受限shell时,应采取最小安全授权原则。在保证使用功能的前提下,减少用户权限。

  1. bind安全注意事项
  • 对于除/dev目录外,建议增加nodev参数,/dev目录设置ro,noexec(只读,禁止可执行文件)权限
  • 对于chroot运行环境目录,建议设置ro,nodev,nosuid(只读,禁止设备文件,禁止suid文件)权限。
  • 对于可写目录,建议设置nodev,noexec,nosuid(禁止设备文件,禁止可执行文件,禁止suid文件)权限。
  1. 避免的命令
  • 应该避免:gdb, mount, strace等调试命令。

文件目录说明:

目录 说明
/etc/jail-shell/ 配置文件目录
/etc/jail-shell/jail-shell.conf 受限用户配置列表文件
/etc/jail-shell/jail-config/ 安全受限shell配置文件所在目录,后缀为.cfg文件即被识别为配置文件。
/var/local/jail-shell/ 受限安全shell数据目录
/var/local/jail-shell/jails 受限安全shell chroot运行环境目录
/usr/local/jail-shell jail-shell程序目录

调试chroot环境

当向chroot环境中复制命令后,复制后的命令如果执行失败,则需要调试,找出缺少的文件,并添加到chroot环境中。

调试需要的工具:strace, 调试方法如下
将strace命令复制到chroot环境中,然后使用strace执行需要调试的命令,找出执行命令缺少的文件。对应的调试命令如下

strace -F -eopen command

-eopen表示跟踪进程打开的文件列表, 必要时,可以不使用此参数。

执行上述命令后,排查打开失败的文件列表是否在chroot环境中。

open("/etc/ld.so.preload", O_RDONLY)    = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

如上表示:/etc/ld-so.preload文件读取时不存在,可能需要将上述文件添加到chroot环境中。这时可使用clinkfile命令将缺失文件添加到chroot环境中。

License

jail-shell安全受限shell采用GPL-V2 License。

类似工具

jailkit https://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/
rshell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_shell
firejail https://github.com/netblue30/firejail

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简介

简介 ============== jail-shell安全受限shell是一个Linux环境下的安全工具,主要使用chroot, namespace技术,限制用户执行特定的命令, 展开 收起
Shell 等 3 种语言
GPL-2.0
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