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README
Apache-2.0

Apache Hive (TM)

Master Build Status Maven Central

The Apache Hive (TM) data warehouse software facilitates reading, writing, and managing large datasets residing in distributed storage using SQL. Built on top of Apache Hadoop (TM), it provides:

  • Tools to enable easy access to data via SQL, thus enabling data warehousing tasks such as extract/transform/load (ETL), reporting, and data analysis

  • A mechanism to impose structure on a variety of data formats

  • Access to files stored either directly in Apache HDFS (TM) or in other data storage systems such as Apache HBase (TM)

  • Query execution using Apache Hadoop MapReduce, Apache Tez or Apache Spark frameworks.

Hive provides standard SQL functionality, including many of the later 2003 and 2011 features for analytics. These include OLAP functions, subqueries, common table expressions, and more. Hive's SQL can also be extended with user code via user defined functions (UDFs), user defined aggregates (UDAFs), and user defined table functions (UDTFs).

Hive users have a choice of 3 runtimes when executing SQL queries. Users can choose between Apache Hadoop MapReduce, Apache Tez or Apache Spark frameworks as their execution backend. MapReduce is a mature framework that is proven at large scales. However, MapReduce is a purely batch framework, and queries using it may experience higher latencies (tens of seconds), even over small datasets. Apache Tez is designed for interactive query, and has substantially reduced overheads versus MapReduce. Apache Spark is a cluster computing framework that's built outside of MapReduce, but on top of HDFS, with a notion of composable and transformable distributed collection of items called Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) which allows processing and analysis without traditional intermediate stages that MapReduce introduces.

Users are free to switch back and forth between these frameworks at any time. In each case, Hive is best suited for use cases where the amount of data processed is large enough to require a distributed system.

Hive is not designed for online transaction processing. It is best used for traditional data warehousing tasks. Hive is designed to maximize scalability (scale out with more machines added dynamically to the Hadoop cluster), performance, extensibility, fault-tolerance, and loose-coupling with its input formats.

General Info

For the latest information about Hive, please visit out website at:

http://hive.apache.org/

Getting Started

Requirements

  • Java 1.7 or 1.8

  • Hadoop 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (3.x required for Hive 3.x)

Upgrading from older versions of Hive

  • Hive includes changes to the MetaStore schema. If you are upgrading from an earlier version of Hive it is imperative that you upgrade the MetaStore schema by running the appropriate schema upgrade scripts located in the scripts/metastore/upgrade directory.

  • We have provided upgrade scripts for MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and Derby databases. If you are using a different database for your MetaStore you will need to provide your own upgrade script.

Useful mailing lists

  1. user@hive.apache.org - To discuss and ask usage questions. Send an empty email to user-subscribe@hive.apache.org in order to subscribe to this mailing list.

  2. dev@hive.apache.org - For discussions about code, design and features. Send an empty email to dev-subscribe@hive.apache.org in order to subscribe to this mailing list.

  3. commits@hive.apache.org - In order to monitor commits to the source repository. Send an empty email to commits-subscribe@hive.apache.org in order to subscribe to this mailing list.

Apache License Version 2.0, January 2017 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. Definitions. "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity. "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License. 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You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability contains incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work. To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. APACHE HIVE SUBCOMPONENTS: The Apache Hive project contains subcomponents with separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source code for the these subcomponents is subject to the terms and conditions of the following licenses. For the SQLLine package: Copyright (c) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Marc Prud'hommeaux From: http://sqlline.sourceforge.net/#license "SQLLine is distributed under the BSD License, meaning that you are free to redistribute, modify, or sell the software with almost no restrictions." Statement from Marc Prud'hommeaux regarding inconsistent licenses in some SQLLine source files: > SQLLine was once GPL, but it was changed to be BSD a few years back. > Any references to the GPL are vestigial. Hopefully the license > declaration at http://sqlline.sourceforge.net/#license is sufficiently > authoritative in this regard. For the org.apache.hive.beeline.ClassNameCompleter class: Copyright (c) 2002-2006, Marc Prud'hommeaux <mwp1@cornell.edu> All rights reserved. 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