7 Star 46 Fork 16

DealiAxy / DjangoStarter

加入 Gitee
与超过 1200万 开发者一起发现、参与优秀开源项目,私有仓库也完全免费 :)
免费加入
克隆/下载
贡献代码
同步代码
取消
提示: 由于 Git 不支持空文件夾,创建文件夹后会生成空的 .keep 文件
Loading...
README
Apache-2.0

Django Starter 基础框架 v2

基于Django的快速开发模板,增强/添加了安全、缓存、第三方登录、接口文档、部署、代码自动生成等方面的功能。

项目背景

这个项目是我为了满足公司安全部门的要求,定制了一个基于Django的Web框架, 功能包括:给DjangoAdmin加上验证码,并且加入登录次数尝试, 屏蔽了RestFramework默认的API主页,使外部访问无法看到所有接口。

后续我会根据实际工作继续添加一些其他功能以方便团队快速搭建应用~

features

v2版本介绍

在v1版本的基础上,新增 django_starter 包,将大部分封装的功能都集成在这个包下,加入了更多功能、更方便的版本升级、更低的耦合度~

目前版本与 v1 最大的区别是将框架的功能都集成到 django_starter 包中,不会与用户自己的代码产生冲突,后续会根据实际工作持续添加新功能到 django_starter 包内,新版本升级只需要根据升级指引替换 django_starter 目录的内容即可。

历史版本

文件结构

  • apps:所有应用

    • demo:示例应用,包含示例接口
  • config:Django项目配置

    • caches.py:缓存配置
    • django_starter.py:框架配置
    • env_init.py:环境初始化
    • logging.py:日志配置
    • rest_framework.py:DRF配置
    • swagger.py:Swagger文档配置
    • urls.py:路由配置文件
    • urls_root.py:DjangoStarter的顶层路由配置,用于实现地址前缀配置
  • django_starter:框架代码

    • contrib:封装好的组件
    • core:核心功能(比如分页)
    • db:数据库功能(比如 Model 基类)
    • drf:RestFramework功能封装
    • http:接口相关(如 API 接口返回值包装)
    • middleware:中间件(IP限制、错误处理等功能)
  • static:静态文件

  • static_collected:运行collectstatic命令后把所有静态文件都保存到这个文件夹

  • templates:模板

快速开始

安装依赖

安装Python依赖:

pip install -r requirements.txt

安装前端依赖:

yarn install

打包前端资源:

gulp move

如果没有gulp请先安装:npm install --global gulp-cli

前端资源管理参考这篇博客:使用NPM和gulp管理前端静态文件

迁移数据库

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

配置缓存

本项目的限流、安全限制等功能依赖Redis、Memcache等缓存服务,这里以Redis为例。

先在本机安装Redis服务,即可正常使用。

如果要自定义Redis服务器,可以编辑 config/caches.py 文件,修改以下配置。

'LOCATION': [
    'redis://redis:6379/0' if is_docker else 'redis://localhost:6379/0',
]

支持一主多从,默认是单Redis,会自动根据是否docker环境来切换服务器,请根据实际情况自行配置。

更多配置请参考Django文档: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/cache/

配置URL前缀

在环境变量中指定URL_PREFIX地址前缀

部署应用需要在docker-compose.yml文件中修改这个环境变量

运行应用后,会自动在所有URL前加上前缀,如管理后台的地址

添加URL前缀之前:

http://127.0.0.1/admin

添加URL前缀(如 test)之后:

http://127.0.0.1/test/admin

开始写业务逻辑

  • 根据实际业务在apps包中创建新的应用并使用代码生成器生成CRUD代码(推荐)
  • 在默认应用apps/core里写(不推荐)

使用django-admin命令创建app:

cd apps
django-admin startapp [your_app_name]

仿照apps/core里的逻辑进行业务开发,每个App需要完成以下代码开发:

  • models.py
  • serializers.py
  • viewsets.py

建议使用DjangoStarter代码生成器来生成这些重复的业务代码(见下节)

之后在urls.py中注册路由,代码参考apps/core/urls.py

需要在Django后台进行管理的话,在admin.py中进行注册,参考apps/core/admin.py

使用代码生成器

DjangoStarter内置业务代码生成器,开发者只需要专注于编写最核心的 models.py 完成模型定义,其他代码自动生成,减少重复劳动,解放生产力。

设计模型

首先完成 models.py 里的模型设计,编写规范可以参照 apps/core/models.py

下面是一个简单的模型设计例子:

from django.db import models


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('作者名称', max_length=20)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '作者'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Article(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('文章名称', max_length=20)
    content = models.TextField('文章内容')
    author = models.ForeignKey('Author', verbose_name='文章作者', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '文章'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

模型设计的基本要求

  • 每个字段加上友好的 verbose_name ,一般是中文名
  • 定义 __str__ ,便于在管理后台中表示这个模型的对象
  • 定义 Meta 元类,给模型加上一个更友好的名称(一般是中文名)

注册应用

设计好了Model,需要把其App添加到INSTALLED_APPS才能被扫描到。

编辑config/settings.py文件,在INSTALLED_APPS节点添加应用,里面有注释,一看就懂。

运行代码自动生成

运行命令:

python manage.py generate_code [app_label] [verbose_name]

参数说明:

  • app_label: App名称,之前运行 django-admin 命令创建的App名称
  • verbose_name: 和模型的 verbose_name 类似,App的友好名称,一般是其中文名

注意:运行自动代码生成会覆盖已有的业务代码!

自动代码生成会创建(覆盖)以下文件:

  • __init__.py
  • apps.py
  • serializers.py
  • urls.py
  • viewsets.py

添加路由

代码生成器会生成你需要的所有代码,之后在config/urls.py文件中添加路由:

urlpatterns = [
    path(f'core/', include('apps.core.urls')),
    # 需要根据你的App名称添加这一行路由
    path(app_label/', include('apps.app_label.urls')),
    # ...
]

访问接口文档

本项目默认集成RestFramework自带的AutoScheme和基于drf_yasg的Swagger和ReDoc两种接口文档,并对其进行优化

  • 优化drf_yasg的Swagger分组和文档显示效果(显示分组说明、接口说明等)
  • 支持访问权限配置等

运行项目之后通过以下地址可以访问接口文档:

  • http://localhost:8000/api-docs/swagger
  • http://localhost:8000/api-docs/redoc
  • http://localhost:8000/api-docs/auto(仅提供兼容支持)

配置

配置Django后台网站名称

编辑config/django_starter.py文件,修改这三行代码:

'admin': {
  'site_header': 'DjangoStarter 管理后台',
  'site_title': 'DjangoStarter',
  'index_title': 'DjangoStarter',
  'list_per_page': 20
}

PS: 本项目的后台界面基于SimpleUI,更多Django后台配置方法请参考SimpleUI官方文档。

配置App在后台显示的名称

编辑每个App目录下的apps.py文件,在[AppName]Config类里配置verbose_name,然后在App目录下的__init__.py中,设置default_app_config 即可,具体参照apps/demo的代码。

配置app在swagger中的说明

编辑config/swagger.py文件,在CustomOpenAPISchemaGenerator类的get_schema方法中配置swagger.tags即可。

限流配置

编辑config/rest_framework.py文件 ,参照注释说明修改DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES节点即可。

配置启用admin后台安全限制中间件

编辑django_starter/middleware/admin_secure.py文件,在AdminSecureMiddleware类可修改以下两个字段进行配置:

  • allow_networks:配置IP段白名单
  • allow_addresses:配置IP地址白名单

编辑config/settings.py文件,在MIDDLEWARE节点中添加django_starter.middleware.admin_secure.AdminSecureMiddleware即可启用安全限制中间件。

配置启用非debug模式下管理员可以查看报错信息

编辑config/settings.py文件,在MIDDLEWARE节点中添加django_starter.middleware/user_base_exception.UserBasedExceptionMiddleware即可。

uWsgi自动重启

uwsgi.ini配置文件中,本项目已经配置了监控readme.md文件,文件变化就会自动重启服务器,因此在生产环境中可以通过修改README.md文件实现优雅的uwsgi服务重启。

TODO

  • 集成IP段限制中间件
  • 集成企业微信第三方登录
  • 集成微信公众号SDK
  • 集成小程序SDK
  • 集成消息队列
  • 进一步优化settings拆分
  • 完善项目单元测试
  • 使用自动构建部署工具
  • 实现自动的业务代码生成器
  • 使用yarn+gulp管理前端资源
  • 框架功能集成在django_starter包中

相关博文

公众号 公众号

公众号专辑:Django开发精选

知乎专栏:程序设计实验室

Django博客合集:https://www.cnblogs.com/deali/category/1799362.html

LICENSE

Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. Definitions. "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity. "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License. "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files. "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types. "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below). "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof. "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution." "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work. 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form. 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions: (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License. You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License. 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions. 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file. 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work. To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

简介

基于Django定制的快速Web开发模板,功能包括:Docker-Compose部署,缓存,业务代码生成器,接口限流,DjangoAdmin验证码,登录次数尝试,屏蔽了RestFramework默认的API主页等 展开 收起
Apache-2.0
取消

发行版

暂无发行版

贡献者

全部

近期动态

加载更多
不能加载更多了
Python
1
https://gitee.com/deali/DjangoStarter.git
git@gitee.com:deali/DjangoStarter.git
deali
DjangoStarter
DjangoStarter
master

搜索帮助